Abstracts & Articles

• Lützen N, Volz F, El Rahal A, Wolf K, Krismer L, Beck J, Urbach H, Zander C. Digital Subtraction Myelography for the Detection of Type 1 Spinal CSF Leaks: Evaluation of Temporal Characteristics and Diagnostic Value. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2025 May 23:ajnr.A8847. doi: 10.3174/ajnr.A8847. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 40409982.

• Goapper M, van Dokkum LEH, Costalat V, Risi G, Corti L, Portalier O, Lonjon N, Le Bars E, Ducros A, Cagnazzo F. The impact of CSF venous fistula embolization on patient's quality of life, a longitudinal clinical-radiological exploration. J Headache Pain. 2025 May 19;26(1):120. doi: 10.1186/s10194-025-02056-6. PMID: 40389826; PMCID: PMC12087204.

• Galvan JL, Hagens TW, Saouaf R, Schievink WI, Maya MM. The Role of Ferumoxytol-Enhanced MR Venography in Transvenous Embolization of Cerebrospinal Fluid-Venous Fistulas. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2025 May 16:ajnr.A8837. doi: 10.3174/ajnr.A8837. Epub ahead of print.

• Jazayeri SB, Eraghi MM, Ognard J, Ghozy S, Kadirvel R, Brinjikji W, Kallmes DF. Transvenous Embolization vs. Surgical Intervention for cerebrospinal fluid Venous Fistulas: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2025 May 16:ajnr.A8839. doi: 10.3174/ajnr.A8839. Epub ahead of print.

• Amrhein TJ, Zhu D, Gray L, Kilpatrick KW, Erkanli A, Willhite J, Malinzak MD, Kranz PG. Reporting the Degree of Certainty of CSF-Venous Fistulas in Patients with Spontaneous Intracranial Hypotension: The Duke CSF-Venous Fistula Confidence Score. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2025 May 13:ajnr.A8835. doi: 10.3174/ajnr.A8835.

• Mecum AV, Kleinschmidt-DeMasters BK, Bhaumik D, Pisani Petrucci SL, Lennarson PJ, Callen AL. Histopathological Analysis of Five Patients with CSF-Venous Fistulas After Surgical Nerve Root Ligation and Resection. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2025 Apr 10:ajnr.A8782. doi: 10.3174/ajnr.A8782.

• Buch K, Paul A, Poyiadji N, Mehan WA. Volumetric Changes of the Choroid Plexus before and after Spinal CSF Leak Repair. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2025 Mar 4;46(3):598-601. doi: 10.3174/ajnr.A8514.
  

• Callen AL, Khanwalkar AR, Cunningham ML, Pisani Petrucci SL, Bhaumik D, Wilhour D, Trivedi P, Lennarson P, Zander DA. Revisiting a Rare Anomaly Described 25 Years Ago in the AJNR: A Journey from Pediatric Hemifacial Microsomia and Middle Cranial Fossa Aplasia to CSF-Lymphatic Fistula and Spontaneous Intracranial Hypotension as an Adult. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2025 Mar 27:ajnr.A8760. doi: 10.3174/ajnr.A8760.
  

• Callen AL, Pisani Petrucci SL, Bhaumik D, Lennarson P, Birlea M, MacKenzie J, Ettenberg J, Carlton Jones L. Enhancing Clarity in Dynamic Myelography Reporting: Results of a Survey of Patients and Referring Providers Evaluating a Standardized Reporting System in the Myelographic Workup of Patients with Suspected Spontaneous Intracranial Hypotension. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2025 Mar 26:ajnr.A8751. doi: 10.3174/ajnr.A8751.

• Callen AL, Pisani Petrucci SL, Lennarson P, Sedrak MF, Gutierrez A, Mamlouk MD. Efficacy of Traditional Epidural Patching versus Patching within Spinal Longitudinal Extradural Collections for Ventral Dural Cerebrospinal Fluid Leaks. Radiology. 2025 Mar;314(3):e242194. doi: 10.1148/radiol.242194.
  

• Smith JL, Kim MJ, Gray L, Malinzak MD, Morrison S, Stallings AP, Erkanli A, Kranz PG, Amrhein TJ. Hypersensitivity Reactions to Fibrin Glue during Epidural Blood Patching. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2025 Apr 2;46(4):840-845. doi: 10.3174/ajnr.A8568.
  

• Cagnazzo F, Le Bars E, Risi G, Lonjon N, van Dokkum LEH, Corti L, Costalat V, Ducros A. Early brain MRI changes following transvenous embolization of cerebrospinal fluid-venous fistulas in spontaneous intracranial hypotension. J Neurointerv Surg. 2025 Feb 13:jnis-2024-022957. doi: 10.1136/jnis-2024-022957. 

• D'Antona L, Cheema S, Mehta D, Bremner F, Watkins LD, Toma AK, Matharu MS. Intracranial pressure monitoring in patients with spontaneous onset of orthostatic headache. J Headache Pain. 2025 Feb 4;26(1):27. doi: 10.1186/s10194-024-01928-7. 

• Kang CH, Madhavan AA, Benson JC, Mark IT, Johnson-Tesch BA, McDonald RJ, Verdoorn JT. Evaluation of Spontaneous Intracranial Hypotension Probabilistic Brain MRI Scoring Systems in Normal Patients. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2025 Feb 20:ajnr.A8713. doi: 10.3174/ajnr.A8713. 

• Lützen N, Beck J, Carlton Jones L, Fung C, Demerath T, Rau A, Zander C, Wolf K, Volz F, El Rahal A, Urbach H. MRI and Surgical Findings Refine Concepts of Type 2 Cerebrospinal Fluid Leaks in Spontaneous Intracranial Hypotension. Radiology. 2025 Feb;314(2):e241653. doi: 10.1148/radiol.241653. 

• Mamlouk MD. Image-guided Epidural Blood Patching and Fibrin Glue Occlusion of Cerebrospinal Fluid Leaks and Venous Fistulas. Neuroimaging Clin N Am. 2025 Feb;35(1):143-154. doi: 10.1016/j.nic.2024.08.006. 
  

• Montes D, Pisani Petrucci SL, Bhaumik D, Andonov N, Lennarson P, Callen AL. Patterns of Epidural Patch Distribution: The Influence of Spinal Level, Injection Technique, and Patch Volume/Composition on Craniocaudal and Ventral Epidural Dispersion. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2025 Feb 25:ajnr.A8720. doi: 10.3174/ajnr.A8720. 

• Schievink WI, Maya MM, Saouaf R, Lipshutz HG, Taché RB, Scoffings D, Schmahmann JD. Azygos Vein Stenosis in Frontotemporal Dementia Sagging Brain Syndrome. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2025 Feb 3;46(2):408-415. doi: 10.3174/ajnr.A8532. 

• Wolf K, Volz F, El Rahal A, Overstijns M, Lützen N, Zander C, Shah MJ, Urbach H, Beck J. Mild cognitive impairment in spontaneous intracranial hypotension and its rapid reversal by repair of a spinal cerebrospinal fluid leak. Headache. 2025 Feb;65(2):382-388. doi: 10.1111/head.14882. 

• Cutsforth-Gregory JK, Steel SJ, Schievink WI, Madhavan AA. Causes of Intracranial Hypotension: Spontaneous, Traumatic, and Iatrogenic Cerebrospinal Fluid Leaks. Neuroimaging Clin N Am. 2025 Feb;35(1):123-132. doi: 10.1016/j.nic.2024.08.004.

• Carlton Jones L, Edelmuth DGL, Butteriss D, Scoffings DJ. "Flow Void Sign": Flow Artifact on T2-Weighted MRI Can Be an Indicator of Dural Defect Location in Ventral Type 1 Spinal CSF Leaks. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2025 Jan 8;46(1):211-218. doi: 10.3174/ajnr.A8445. 
  

• Farnaz Amoozegar, Spinal Cerebrospinal Fluid Leaks/Intracranial Hypotension, Neurosurgery Clinics of North America,2025,ISSN 1042-3680
  

• Lennarson PJ, Callen AL. Cerebrospinal Fluid Leaks: Diagnosis, Management, and Outcomes. Neurosurg Clin N Am. 2025 Jan;36(1):53-64. doi:10.1016/j.nec.2024.08.003. 
  

• Lützen N, Zander C, Beck J, Volz F, Wolf K, El Rahal A, Urbach H. Advanced Imaging of Type 2 Spinal CSF Leaks with Ultrahigh-Resolution Cone-Beam CT Myelography. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2025 Jan 29:ajnr.A8675. doi: 10.3174/ajnr.A8675. 

• Mark IT, Madhavan AA, Benson JC, Verdoorn J, Brinjikji W. Introduction to Digital Subtraction Myelography for CSF-Venous Fistula Detection. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2025 Jan 8;46(1):219. doi: 10.3174/ajnr.A8587.
  

• Mark IT, Oien M, Benson JC, Verdoorn J, Johnson-Tesch B, Kim DK, Cutsforth-Gregory J, Madhavan AA. CT-Guided Epidural Contrast Injection for the Identification of Dural Defects. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2025 Jan 8;46(1):207-210. doi: 10.3174/ajnr.A8437. 
  

• Mehta D, Cheema S, Glover S, Qureshi AM, Davagnanam I, Kamourieh S, Sayal P, Toma A, Lagrata S, Joy C, Duncan C, Anderson J, Davies B, Dorman PJ, Angus-Leppan H, Walkden J, Rohrer J, Matharu MS. Defining the typical characteristics of orthostatic headache in patients with spontaneous intracranial hypotension. Cephalalgia. 2025 Jan;45(1):3331024241308154. doi: 10.1177/03331024241308154. 
  

• Young DS, Amrhein TJ, Gibby JT, Willhite J, Gray L, Malinzak MD, Morrison S, Erkanli A, Kranz PG. Diagnostic Performance of Renal Contrast Excretion on Early-Phase CT Myelography in Spontaneous Intracranial Hypotension. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2025 Jan 8;46(1):194-199. doi: 10.3174/ajnr.A8435. 

• Zander C, Lützen N, Rau A, Wolf K, Arnold P, Mast H, El Rahal A, Volz F, Cimflova P, Beck J, Urbach H, Demerath T. Volumetric response after closure of a spinal CSF leak in patients with spontaneous intracranial hypotension: a multicompartmental longitudinal study. J Neurointerv Surg. 2025 Jan 27:jnis-2024-022712. doi: 10.1136/jnis-2024-022712. 
  

• Zander C, Wolf K, El Rahal A, Volz F, Beck J, Urbach H, Lützen N. Spontaneous intracranial hypotension - a spinal disease. Rofo. 2025 Jan;197(1):44-54. English, German. doi: 10.1055/a-2318-8994. Epub 2024 Jul 5. PMID: 38968964.

• Hoydonckx Y, Peng P, Vydt C, Amoozegar F. The Challenges of Patients with Spinal CSF Leaks in Canada: A Cross-Sectional Online Survey. Can J Neurol Sci. 2024 Nov 13:1-8. doi: 10.1017/cjn.2024.315.

• Samantha L. Pisani Petrucci, Nadya Andonov, Peter Lennarson, Marius Birlea, Chantal O’Brien, Danielle Wilhour, Abigail Anderson, Jeffrey L. Bennett and Andrew L. Callen, Assessing the Diagnostic Value of Brain White Matter Hyperintensities and Clinical Symptoms in Predicting the Detection of CSF Venous Fistula in Patients with Suspected Spontaneous Intracranial Hypotension. American Journal of Neuroradiology October 2024, ajnr.A8548; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A8548
  

• Ajay A. Madhavan, Waleed Brinjikji, Jeremy K. Cutsforth-Gregory, Timothy J. Amrhein, Peter G. Kranz, John C. Benson, Felix E. Diehn, Ben A. Johnson-Tesch, Greta B. Liebo, Vance T. Lehman, Ian T. Mark, Pearse P. Morris, Michael P. Oien, Darya P. Shlapak and Jared T. Verdoorn. Myelographic Techniques for the Localization of CSF-Venous Fistulas: Updates in 2024, American Journal of Neuroradiology October 2024, 45 (10) 1403-1412; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A8299

• Ajay A. Madhavan, Peter G. Kranz, Lalani Carlton Jones, Edward S. Ahn, Timothy J. Amrhein, Waleed Brinjikji, Andrew Callen, Jeremy K. Cutsforth-Gregory, Mark D. Mamlouk, V. Michelle Silvera and Julie B. Guerin. Spontaneous Intracranial Hypotension in Children: A Multi-Institutional Review of Spinal CSF Leaks Localized on Advanced Myelography. American Journal of Neuroradiology October 2024, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A8430
  

• Datta A, Fasano A, Lenka A. Movement Disorders in Brain Sagging Syndrome Due To Spontaneous Intracranial Hypotension: A Review. Tremor Other Hyperkinet Mov (N Y). 2024 Sep 6;14:44. doi: 10.5334/tohm.914.
  

• Kapan A, Waldhör T, Wöber C. Assessing the effects of spontaneous intracranial hypotension on quality of life, work ability and disability. Wien Klin Wochenschr. 2024 Sep 3. doi: 10.1007/s00508-024-02423-4.
  

• Jones LC, Edelmuth DGL, Butteriss D, Scoffings DJ. "Flow void sign": flow artefact on T2-weighted MRI can be an indicator of dural defect location in ventral type 1 spinal CSF leaks. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2024 Aug 12:ajnr.A8445. doi: 10.3174/ajnr.A8445. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 39134372.
  

• Callen AL, Han L, Pisani Petrucci SL, Andonov N, Lennarson P, Birlea M, O'Brien C, Wilhour D, Anderson A, Bennett JL, Carroll IR. Patterns of clinical and imaging presentations in patients with spontaneous intracranial hypotension due to spinal cerebrospinal fluid venous fistula: A single-center retrospective cross-sectional study. Headache. 2024 Aug 11. doi: 10.1111/head.14805.

• Tay ASS, Maya MM, Schievink WI. Spontaneous intracranial hypotension mimicking iatrogenic spinal cerebrospinal fluid leaks. Headache. 2024 Sep 2. doi: 10.1111/head.14826.
  

• Lützen, N., Wolf, K., El Rahal, A. et al. Primary CSF-lymphatic fistula: a previously unknown cause of spontaneous intracranial hypotension. J Neurol (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00415-024-12598-5

• Urbach H, El Rahal A, Wolf K, Zander C, Demerath T, Volz F, Beck J, Lützen N. Spinal dementia: Don't miss it, it's treatable. Neuroradiology. 2024 Jul 10. doi: 10.1007/s00234-024-03425-9. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 38985320.
  

• Brinjikji W, Madhavan A, Garza I, Whealy M, Kissoon N, Mark I, Morris PP, Verdoorn J, Benson JC, Atkinson JLD, Kobeissi H, Cutsforth-Gregory JK. Clinical and imaging outcomes of 100 patients with cerebrospinal fluid-venous fistulas treated by transvenous embolization. J Neurointerv Surg. 2024 Jun 27:jnis-2023-021012. doi: 10.1136/jnis-2023-021012. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 37898553.

• Carroll I, Han L, Zhang N, Cowan RP, Lanzman B, Hashmi S, Barad MJ, Peretz A, Moskatel L, Ogunlaja O, Hah JM, Hindiyeh N, Barch C, Bozkurt S, Hernandez-Boussard T, Callen AL. Long-Term Epidural Patching Outcomes and Predictors of Benefit in Patients With Suspected CSF Leak Nonconforming to ICHD-3 Criteria. Neurology. 2024 Jun 25;102(12):e209449. doi: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000209449. Epub 2024 May 31. PMID: 38820488.
  

• Mark IT, Cutsforth-Gregory J, Luetmer PH, Madhavan AA, Oien MP, Farnsworth PJ, Bathla G, Messina SA, Link MJ, Van Gompel J. Skull Base CSF Leaks: Potential Underlying Pathophysiology and Evaluation of Brain MR Imaging Findings Associated with Spontaneous Intracranial Hypotension. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2024 May 7:ajnr.A8333. doi: 10.3174/ajnr.A8333. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 38719609.

• Callen AL, Friedman DI, Parikh S, Rau JC, Schievink WI, Cutsforth-Gregory JK, Amrhein TJ, Haight E, Cowan RP, Barad MJ, Hah JM, Jackson T, Deline C, Buchanan AJ, Carroll I. Diagnosis and Treatment of Spontaneous Intracranial Hypotension: Role of Epidural Blood Patching. Neurol Clin Pract. 2024 Jun;14(3):e200290. doi: 10.1212/CPJ.0000000000200290. Epub 2024 Apr 30. PMID: 38699599; PMCID: PMC11065326.

• Wolf K, Volz F, Lützen N, Mast H, Reisert M, Rahal AE, Fung C, Shah MJ, Beck J, Urbach H. Non-invasive biomarkers for spontaneous intracranial hypotension (SIH) through phase-contrast MRI. J Neurol. 2024 Apr 21. doi: 10.1007/s00415-024-12365-6. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 38643444.

• Carroll I, Schievink W. Progressive superficial siderosis despite complete remission of intracranial hypotension symptoms following epidural patching: Case report. Headache. 2024 Apr 13. doi: 10.1111/head.14697. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 38613228.
  

• Wouter I. Schievink, Marcel M. Maya, Angelique Sao-Mai S. Tay, Peyton L. Nisson, Jay Acharya, Rachelle B. Taché and Miriam Nuño. Optic Nerve Sheath MR Imaging Measurements in Patients with Orthostatic Headaches and Normal Findings on Conventional Imaging Predict the Presence of an Underlying CSF-Venous Fistula. American Journal of Neuroradiology March 2024, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A8165

• Parikh, S.K. Rebound Intracranial Hypertension. Curr Pain Headache Rep (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11916-024-01231-9

• Ian Carroll MD, MS, Andrew L. Callen MD.Beyond myths: Transformative insights into spinal cerebrospinal fluid leaks and their role in persistent headache syndromes. Headache: The Journal of Head and Face Pain, 22 February 2024. https://doi.org/10.1111/head.14677

• Jesse CM, Schär RT, Goldberg J, Fung C, Ulrich CT, Dobrocky T, Piechowiak EI, Schankin CJ, Beck J, Raabe A, Häni L. Patient-reported symptomatology and its course in spontaneous intracranial hypotension - Beware of a chameleon. Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 2024 Jan;236:108087. doi: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2023.108087. Epub 2023 Dec 19. PMID: 38134757.

• Volz, Florian MD; Doria-Medina, Roberto MD; Fung, Christian MD; Wolf, Katharina MD; El Rahal, Amir MD; Lützen, Niklas MD; Urbach, Horst MD; Loidl, Theresa Bettina MD; Hubbe, Ulrich MD; Klingler, Jan-Helge MD; Beck, Jürgen MD. Keyhole Fenestration for Cerebrospinal Fluid Leaks in the Thoracic Spine: Quantification of Bone Removal and Microsurgical Anatomy. Operative Neurosurgery ():10.1227/ons.0000000000001042, December 22, 2023. | DOI: 10.1227/ons.0000000000001042

• Madhavan AA, Cutsforth-Gregory JK, Brinjikji W, Bathla G, Benson JC, Diehn FE, Eckel LJ, Mark IT, Morris PP, Payne MA, Verdoorn JT, Weber NM, Yu L, Baffour F, Fletcher JG, McCollough CH. Diagnostic Performance of Decubitus Photon-Counting Detector CT Myelography for the Detection of CSF-Venous Fistulas. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2023 Dec 11;44(12):1445-1450. doi: 10.3174/ajnr.A8040. PMID: 37945523; PMCID: PMC10714843.
  

• NathanielR. Ellens, Derrek Schartz , Rahim Ismail, Alex Kessler, Shehenaz Ellika, Sajal Medha K. Akkipeddi, Redi Rahmani, and Matthew T. Bender. Efficacy of transvenous embolization of CSF-venous fistula in spontaneous intracranial hypotension: Case-series. Interventional Neuroradioogy.First published Dec 21, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1177/15910199231221
  

• Jesse CM, Schär RT, Goldberg J, Fung C, Ulrich CT, Dobrocky T, Piechowiak EI, Schankin CJ, Beck J, Raabe A, Häni L. Patient-reported symptomatology and its course in spontaneous intracranial hypotension - Beware of a chameleon. Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 2023 Dec 19;236:108087. doi: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2023.108087. Epub ahead of print.
  

• Roaa Zayat, Thien J Huynh, Olga Fermo. Incidental asymptomatic spinal cerebrospinal fluid leaks: single-center experience, and a presentation of seven cases. Journal of NeuroInterventional Surgery  Published Online First: 19 December 2023. doi:10.1136/jnis-2023-021053

• Schievink, W.I. (2023), Superficial siderosis and the dura. Eur J Neurol e16182. https://doi.org/10.1111/ene.16182

• Andrew L. Callen, Mo Fakhri, Vincent M. Timpone, Ashesh A. Thaker, William P. Dillon, Vinil N. Shah. Temporal Characteristics of CSF Venous Fistulas on Dynamic Decubitus CT Myelography: A Retrospective Multi-Institution Cohort Study. American Journal of Neuroradiology Dec 2023, DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.A8078
  

• Madhavan AA, Cutsforth-Gregory JK, Brinjikji W, Bathla G, Benson JC, Diehn FE, Eckel LJ, Mark IT, Morris PP, Payne MA, Verdoorn JT, Weber NM, Yu L, Baffour F, Fletcher JG, McCollough CH. Diagnostic Performance of Decubitus Photon-Counting Detector CT Myelography for the Detection of CSF-Venous Fistulas. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2023 Dec 11;44(12):1445-1450. doi: 10.3174/ajnr.A8040.
  

• Liaw V, McCreary M, Friedman DI. Quality of Life in Patients With Confirmed and Suspected Spinal CSF Leaks. Neurology. 2023 Dec 4;101(23):e2411-e2422. doi: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000207763. PMID: 37816637.

• John C. Benson, Ajay A. Madhavan, Ian T. Mark, Jeremy K. Cutsforth-Gregory, Waleed Brinjikji and Jared T. Verdoorn. Likelihood of Discovering a CSF Leak Based on Intracranial MRI Findings in Patients without a Spinal Longitudinal Extradural Collection: A New Probabilistic Scoring System. American Journal of Neuroradiology November 2023,  44 (11) 1339-1344; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A8030 

• Galvan J, Maya M, Prasad RS, Wadhwa VS, Schievink W. Spinal Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak Localization with Digital Subtraction Myelography: Tips, Tricks, and Pitfalls. Radiol Clin North Am. 2024 Mar;62(2):321-332. doi: 10.1016/j.rcl.2023.10.004. Epub 2023 Nov 11. PMID: 38272624.

• Lützen N, Demerath T, Würtemberger U, Belachew NF, Barvulsky Aleman E, Wolf K, El Rahal A, Volz F, Fung C, Beck J, Urbach H. Direct comparison of digital subtraction myelography versus CT myelography in lateral decubitus position: evaluation of diagnostic yield for cerebrospinal fluid-venous fistulas. J Neurointerv Surg. 2023 Nov 2:jnis-2023-020789. doi: 10.1136/jnis-2023-020789.

• Callen AL, Jones LC, Timpone VM, Pattee J, Scoffings DJ, Butteriss D, Huynh T, Shen PY, Mamlouk MD. Factors Predictive of Treatment Success in CT-Guided Fibrin Occlusion of CSF-Venous Fistulas: A Multicenter Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2023 Nov;44(11):1332-1338. doi: 10.3174/ajnr.A8005. Epub 2023 Oct 5. PMID: 37798111; PMCID: PMC10631531.

• El Rahal A, Haupt B, Fung C, Cipriani D, Häni L, Lützen N, Dobrocky T, Piechowiak E, Schnell O, Raabe A, Wolf K, Urbach H, Kraus LM, Volz F, Beck J. Surgical closure of spinal cerebrospinal fluid leaks improves symptoms in patients with superficial siderosis. Eur J Neurol. 2023 Nov 28. doi: 10.1111/ene.16122.

• Häni L, Fung C, El Rahal A, Volz F, Kraus LM, Schnell O, Ferrarese R, Erny D, Schwabenland M, Urbach H, Lützen N, Beck J. Distinct Pattern of Membrane Formation With Spinal Cerebrospinal Fluid Leaks in Spontaneous Intracranial Hypotension. Oper Neurosurg (Hagerstown). 2024 Jan 1;26(1):71-77. doi: 10.1227/ons.0000000000000914. Epub 2023 Sep 25. PMID: 37747369; PMCID: PMC10688773.

• Kranz PG, Malinzak MD, Gray L, Willhite J, Amrhein TJ. Resisted Inspiration Improves Visualization of CSF-Venous Fistulas in Spontaneous Intracranial Hypotension. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2023 Aug;44(8):994-998. doi: 10.3174/ajnr.

• Volz F, Fung C, Wolf K, Lützen N, Urbach H, Kraus LM, Omer M, Beck J, El Rahal A. Recovery and long-term outcome after neurosurgical closure of spinal CSF leaks in patients with spontaneous intracranial hypotension. Cephalalgia. 2023 Aug;43(8):3331024231196808. doi: 10.1177/03331024231195830. PMID: 37652456.

• Callen AL, Pattee J, Thaker AA, Timpone VM, Zander DA, Turner R, Birlea M, Wilhour D, O'Brien C, Evan J, Grassia F, Carroll IR. Relationship of Bern Score, Spinal Elastance, and Opening Pressure in Patients With Spontaneous Intracranial Hypotension. Neurology. 2023 May 30;100(22):e2237-e2246. doi: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000207267.

•  Farb RI, O'Reilly ST, Hendriks EJ, Peng PW, Massicotte EM, Hoydonckx Y, Nicholson PJ. Spontaneous intracranial hypotension due to CSF-venous fistula: Evaluation of renal accumulation of contrast following decubitus myelography and maintained decubitus CT to improve fistula localization. Interv Neuroradiol. 2023 May 21:15910199231172627. doi: 10.1177/15910199231172627.

• Cheema S, Anderson J, Angus-Leppan H, Armstrong P, Butteriss D, Carlton Jones L, Choi D, Chotai A, D'Antona L, Davagnanam I, Davies B, Dorman PJ, Duncan C, Ellis S, Iodice V, Joy C, Lagrata S, Mead S, Morland D, Nissen J, Pople J, Redfern N, Sayal PP, Scoffings D, Secker R, Toma AK, Trevarthen T, Walkden J, Beck J, Kranz PG, Schievink W, Wang SJ, Matharu MS. Multidisciplinary consensus guideline for the diagnosis and management of spontaneous intracranial hypotension. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2023 Oct;94(10):835-843. doi: 10.1136/jnnp-2023-331166.

• Andrew L. Callen. Finding the Leak: Tips for CSF Leak and Venous Fistula Localization. Published March 8, 2023. ARRS. In practice.

• Lützen N, Fung C, Beck J, Urbach H. Multiple Bilateral CSF-venous Fistulas in Spontaneous Intracranial Hypotension : A Therapeutic Challenge. Clin Neuroradiol. 2023 Mar;33(1):251-254. doi: 10.1007/s00062-022-01234-2.

• Schievink WI, Maya M, Barnard Z, Taché RB, Prasad RS, Wadhwa VS, Moser FG, Nuño M. The reversible impairment of behavioral variant frontotemporal brain sagging syndrome: Challenges and opportunities. Alzheimers Dement (N Y). 2022 Dec 18;8(1):e12367. doi: 10.1002/trc2.12367. PMID: 36544987

• Callen AL, Jones LC, Timpone VM, Pattee J, Scoffings DJ, Butteriss D, Huynh T, Shen PY, Mamlouk MD. Factors Predictive of Treatment Success in CT-Guided Fibrin Occlusion of CSF-Venous Fistulas: A Multicenter Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2023 Nov;44(11):1332-1338. doi: 10.3174/ajnr.A8005. Epub 2023 Oct 5. PMID: 37798111; PMCID: PMC10631531.

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